Situational Approach in the Problems of Automation Control by Technical Objects

The situational approach originated initially at the management in 1960’s of the XX th century at present has not the proper development and extension in control problems by technical objects. The true possibilities of the situational approach for the theoretical automation are uncovered themselves in rethinking of the key notions like "situation", "situational model" and "situational control" for class of complex technical systems. The retrospective of the formation of the situational approach is discussed in the article, and also the questions of the application of the situational methodology in the problems of the automatic control and the automation of the ergatic control systems are considered. The conception of the situational control developed by the authors permits to join naturally the methods of the logical and continuous dynamical control and allows to consider as one from the directions of the development of the theory of the logic-dynamical systems. This fact is conclusively illustrated with use of the situational methodology in the systems of multiregime regulation. The aim of the regulation is decomposed into local aims. The definite situations and the regimes of regulation conform to these aims. And the processes of the regulation themselves are realized by means of two-level hierarchical design of the system: the lower level puts together the bank of subcontrollers working off the local aims, and at the top of the level the control of the flowing situations is realized and the logic process of the switching of the regimes is represented. The situational approach used for one from the fundamental bases for the present control theory by complex technical objects. The suggested conception of the situational-goal control for the given class of the objects in contrast to the classical two-step scheme "situation-action"is based on four-step scheme "situation-aim-control strategy-action", which meshes perfectly with multiple goal control principle by complex systems based on the decomposition of the main aim into intermediate local aims in connection with the separate situations. As a final result, the control process is realized by three functions simultaneously: monitoring of the situations, the generation of local aims and formation of the control strategy. Their outputs are diagnose of the flowing situation, the new local aim of control in case of the situation’s change and the control strategy respectively.

control by the technical objects, the situational approach, situational-goal control, situational models, multiregime regulation

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