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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.22.291-297</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-996</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Численные методы контроля редких событий в нелинейных стохастических системах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Numerical Methods for Monitoring Rare Events in Nonlinear Stochastic Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабанов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доц.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Associate Professor</p><p>Sevastopol, 299053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kabanovaleksey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубовик</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubovik</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastopol, 299053</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">duboviksa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>291</fpage><lpage>297</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/996">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/996</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются вопросы разработки численных методов анализа больших уклонений для контроля редких событий в нелинейных стохастических системах. Большие уклонения управляемого процесса от некоторого штатного состояния являются основой прогнозирования наступления критической ситуации (редкого события). Задача прогнозирования сводится к задаче оптимального управления Лагранжа—Понтрягина. Представленный в статье подход для решения задачи Лагранжа—Понтрягина отличается от подхода, использованного ранее для линейных и нелинейных систем, тем, что он использует управление в форме обратной связи. При этом в нелинейном случае используются приближенные методы расчета, основанные на представлении модели системы в форме пространства состояний, где коэффициенты матриц зависят от состояния системы (методы State-Dependent Coefficients, SDC). В статье использованы два SDC-метода — метод зависящего от состояния уравнения Риккати (state-dependent Riccati equation, SDRE) и метод асимптотической последовательности уравнений Риккати (asymptotic sequence of Riccati equations, ASRE). В рассматриваемой постановке эти методы позволяют получить численно-аналитическое решение, удобное для реализации в режиме реального времени. На основе разработанных методов анализа больших уклонений представлены алгоритмы оценки вероятности наступления редкого события для нелинейной стохастической системы. Численная применимость разработанного подхода в настоящей работе показана на примере модели ФитцХью—Нагумо (ФХН) для анализа переключения между режимами возбудимости. Результаты моделирования вскрыли дополнительную проблему, связанную с так называемой задачей параметризации SDC-матриц системы. Действительно, можно было бы ожидать, что различные SDC-матрицы приводят к одному и тому же результату, но практические примеры показывают, что это не так. Поскольку использование разных представлений для SDC-матриц дает разные результаты в терминах траектории системы и функционала качества, то выбор матриц предложено осуществлять на каждой итерации алгоритма так, чтобы обеспечить условия разрешимости задачи Лагранжа—Понтрягина.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, we consider the development of numerical methods of large deviations analysis for rare events in nonlinear stochastic systems. The large deviations of the controlled process from a certain stable state are the basis for predicting the occurrenceof a critical situation (a rare event). The rare event forecasting problem is reduced to the Lagrange-Pontryagin optimal control problem.The presented approach for solving the Lagrange-Pontryagin problem differs from the approach used earlier for linear systems in that it uses feedback control. In the nonlinear case, approximate methods based on the representation of the system model in the state-space form with state-dependent coefficients (SDC) matrixes are used: the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) and the asymptotic sequence of Riccati equations (ASRE). The considered optimal control problem allow us to obtain a numerical-analytical solutionthat is convenient for real-time implementation. Based on the developed methods of large deviations analysis, algorithms for estimating the probability of occurrence of a rare event in a dynamical systemare presented. The numerical applicability of the developed methods is shown by the example of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model for the analysis of switching between excitable modes. The simulation results revealed an additional problem related to the so-called parameterization problem of the SDC matrices. Since the use of different representations for SDC matrices gives different results in terms of the system trajectory, the choice of matrices is proposed to be carried out at each algorithm iteration so as to provide conditions for the solvability of the Lagrange-Pontryagin problem.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большие уклонения</kwd><kwd>редкое событие</kwd><kwd>нелинейная система</kwd><kwd>оптимальное управление</kwd><kwd>зависящий  от состояния коэффициент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>large deviations</kwd><kwd>rare event</kwd><kwd>nonlinear system</kwd><kwd>optimal control</kwd><kwd>state-dependent coefficient</kwd><kwd>FitzHughNagumo model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке  РНФ, грант № 21-11-00202</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded bt the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 21-22-00202)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grafke T., Vanden-Eijnden E. 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