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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.22.200-207</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-975</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТЫ, МЕХАТРОНИКА И РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ROBOT, MECHATRONICS AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формализация заданий для роботов-манипуляторов: обзор и перспективы развития</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formalization of Tasks for Robotic Manipulators: Review and Prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокоумов</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokoumov</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineering</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr.sorokoumov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИЦ "Курчатовский институт"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NRC "Kurchatov Institute"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>200</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/975">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/975</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнен обзор методов формализации задач управления роботами-манипуляторами, возникающих на разных уровнях представления. Для многих видов манипуляторов, например биоморфных, достичь нужного качества управления в сочетании с универсальностью пока не удается, хотя возникающие при этом задачи принципиально решаемы, что доказывается успешной работой систем контроля движения биологических организмов. Одной из причин затруднений является сложность формализации задач управления движением, поэтому целесообразно проанализировать наиболее распространенные подходы к постановке этих задач в целях поиска перспективных вариантов развития.</p><p>Анализ существующих методов решения проведен отдельно по каждому функциональному уровню. Наиболее высокоуровневая из рассматриваемых подзадач — разделение комплексных заданий на этапы — обычно успешно реализуется общими средствами декомпозиции сложных процессов, например методами планирования или логического вывода. Обработка подзадач среднего уровня представления — построение траектории по двигательному заданию осуществляется пока менее эффективно. Показано, что имеющиеся средства, например лингвистические описания движений, могут значительно облегчить работу с этим уровнем, но требуют значительной и трудоемкой формализации. Дальнейшие стадии обработки — решение обратных задач кинематики и динамики, сопряжение участков траекторий, а также непосредственное управление двигателями манипулятора с обработкой ошибок — решаются имеющимися средствами с приемлемым качеством.</p><p>Исходя из собранных данных можно утверждать, что развитие методов решения среднеуровневых задач, т.е. построение траектории движения манипулятора по описанию требуемого от него действия, является наиболее важным для успешного создания перспективных типов манипуляторов, способных двигаться точно и разнообразно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This overview of the problems formulations for robotic manipulators at different abstraction levels can be used to find the causes of troubles with some types of control systems. For many variants of manipulators, for example, biomorphic ones, it is not yet possible to achieve the required quality and universality. Nevertheless these tasks are solvable, which is proved by the natural movement control systems of biological organisms. One of the reasons of the difficulties is the complexity of the formalization of motion control, which prevents the development of universal approaches. The existing formalizations were separated by functional level to facilitate analysis. The high-level problems (the division of complex motor tasks into stages) are successfully solved by general planners or logical inference procedures. The middle-level problems (the trajectory tracing according to an abstract motor task) are so far solved less efficiently. Some existing tools, as linguistic methods, can greatly facilitate solution, but require significant and very laborious formalization of conditions. Inverse problems of kinematics and dynamics, conjugation of trajectory sections and direct control of the manipulator motors with error handling are further stages of processing; the quality of known solutions is usually acceptable. Based on the data collected, it can be argued that the development of methods for solving medium-level problems, i.e. constructing the trajectory of the robot according to the description of the action, is the most important domain for the successful creation of new types of manipulator control systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>робот-манипулятор</kwd><kwd>обратная задача кинематики</kwd><kwd>язык определения движений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>robotic arm</kwd><kwd>inverse kinematics problem</kwd><kwd>motion definition language</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu K. S., Gonzalez R. 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