<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.19.642-657</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТЫ, МЕХАТРОНИКА И РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ROBOT, MECHATRONICS AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Силовые оболочковые элементы: историческая справка, статические математические модели, применение (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Force Membranate Elements: Historical Information, Geometrical Mathematical Models, Practical Use (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернусь</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernus</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел П. Чернусь, канд. техн. наук, ст. преподаватель.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavel.chernus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шароватов</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharovatov</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>В. Т. Шароватов, д-р техн. наук, проф.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharovatov Vladimir T., Doctor of Sciences, Professor of department "Actuating Systems, Mechatronics and robotics".</p><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wtsch1935@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернусь</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernus</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петр П. Чернусь, канд. техн. наук, ст. преподаватель.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Балтийский государственный технический университет "ВОЕНМЕХ" им. Д. Ф. Устинова.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baltic State Technical University "VOENMEH" named after D. F. Ustinov.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>642</fpage><lpage>657</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/506">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/506</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен краткий обзор истории создания и развития геометрических математических моделей и применения пневматических мускулов (ПМ) и баллонных цилиндров (БЦ). ПМ и БЦ представляют собой гибкую и надувающуюся оболочку, при этом перемещение, развиваемое этими элементами, зависит от внутреннего давления. Перемещение осуществляется в осевом направлении и зависит от изменения внутреннего давления. При этом происходит изменение формы оболочки. Рассматриваемые двигатели можно разделить на два типа — тянущие и толкающие. Направление перемещения зависит от соотношения длины элемента и диаметра оболочки. ПМ относится к тянущему типу, БЦ — к толкающему. В последнее время увеличилось промышленное и научное использование рассматриваемых элементов, поскольку по сравнению с пневматическими цилиндрами они обладают рядом преимуществ, таких как малая масса, плавность хода на малых скоростях, большие начальные усилия. Рассмотрены такие конструкции, как оплетенные, складчатые и другие ПМ. В данной статье обсуждаются наиболее часто используемые подходы к созданию геометрических математических моделей ПМ и БЦ. Рассматриваемые математические модели связывают такие параметры ПМ и БЦ, как развиваемое усилие, изменение осевой длины элемента, изменение давления во внутренней полости, диаметр и свойства материала, из которого выполнен сам элемент. В основном для управления ПМ и БЦ требуется контролировать его длину или развиваемое усилие. Представлены российский и зарубежные подходы к созданию геометрических математических моделей ПМ и БЦ. Описаны также возможности применения ПМ и БЦ в различных областях, таких как биоробототехника, медицина и в промышленности. В заключение приведены возможности для уточнения рассмотренных подходов к созданию геометрических математических моделей ПМ и БЦ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper is given an over view of histor y of creation and development of geometrical mathematical models and use of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) and bellows. PAMs and bellows as pneumatic actuators are made of flexible membrane which can inflate. Displacement of these membranate elements depends on inner pressure. Direction of the displacement coincide with elements symmetry axis. Process of displacement involve shell form change. Reviewing actuators can be divided into two types: push-type and pull-type. The direction of displacement depends on length and diameter ration of element. PAMs are related to the pull-type actuators, bellows are related to the push-type. Distinguished tendencies and perspectives of developing pneumatic actuators are based on force membranate elements because of their advantages such as small weight, smoothness on low velocities and high strength. True to date exist big amount of different constructive designs of PAMs and bellows. Review contains such designs as braided, pleated and other designs of PAMs. In this paper are given main and often used approaches of creation static geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows. Suggested mathematical models connect such parameters of PAMs and bellows as developed force, element axial length change, inner pressure change, diameter and material characteristics. For PAMs and bellows control is required to control its length or developed force. There are shown some applications of force membranate elements in different fields, such as biorobotics, medical and industrial applications. In conclusion are given possible approaches to improve discussed geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>силовой оболочковый элемент</kwd><kwd>пневмомускул</kwd><kwd>баллонный цилиндр</kwd><kwd>статическая математическая модель</kwd><kwd>геометрическая интерпретация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forced membranate element</kwd><kwd>pneumatic muscle</kwd><kwd>bellow cylinder</kwd><kwd>static mathematical model</kwd><kwd>geometric interpretation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcincin J., Palko A. Negative pressure artificial muscle — An unconventional drive of robotic and handling systems, Transactions of the University of Kosice. P. 350—354, Riecansky Science Publishing Co, Slovak Republic, 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcincin J., Palko A. Negative pressure artificial muscle — An unconventional drive of robotic and handling systems, Transactions of the University of Kosice, pp. 350—354, Riecansky Science Publishing Co, Slovak Republic, 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nickel V., Perry J., Garrett A. Development of useful function in the severely paralyzed hand // Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1963. Vol. 45-A, N. 5. P. 933—952.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nickel V., Perry J., Garrett A. Development of useful function in the severely paralyzed hand, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1963, vol. 45-A, no. 5, pp. 933—952.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noritsugu T., Takaiwa M., Sasaki D. Development of Power Assist Wear using Pneumatic Rubber Artificial Muscles // Proc. of Asia Int. Symposium on Mechatronics). 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noritsugu T., Takaiwa M., Sasaki D. Development of Power Assist Wear using Pneumatic Rubber Artificial Muscles, Proc. of Asia Int. Symposium on Mechatronics, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vimieiro C., do Nascimento B. G., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a hip orthosis using pneumatic artificial muscles //Technology Meets Surgery International. Sao Paulo, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vimieiro C., do Nascimento B. G., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a hip orthosis using pneumatic artificial muscles, Technology Meets Surgery International, Sao Paulo, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knestel M., Hofer E., KleeBarillas S., Rupp R. The Artificial Muscle as an Innovative Act uator in Rehabilit ation Robotics //The International Federation of Automatic Control. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knestel M., Hofer E., KleeBarillas S., Rupp R. The Artificial Muscle as an Innovative Actuator in Rehabilitation Robotics, The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Braided pneumatic actuator control of a multi-jointed manipulator // Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Le Touquet. 1993. P. 423—428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Braided pneumatic actuator control of a multi-jointed manipulator, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Le Touquet, 1993, pp. 423—428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMahon T. Muscles, ref lexes, and locomotion. Princeton University Press, 1984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMahon T. Muscles, ref lexes, and locomotion, Princeton University Press, 1984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulte H. The characteristics of the McKibben Artificial Muscle // The Application of External Power in Prosthetics and Orthotics. Lake Arrowhead, 1961. P. 94—115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulte H. The characteristics of the McKibben Artificial Muscle, The Application of External Power in Prosthetics and Orthotics, Lake Arrowhead, 1961, pp. 94—115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klute G. K., Hannaford B. Modeling Pneumatic McKibben Artificial Muscle Actuators: Approaches and Experimental Results // ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurements, and Control. 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klute G. K., Hannaford B. Modeling Pneumatic McKibben Artificial Muscle Actuators: Approaches and Experimental Results, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurements, and Control, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klute G. K., Hannaford B. Accounting for elastic energy storage in McKibben artificial muscle actuators // ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control. 2000. P. 386—388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klute G. K., Hannaford B. Accounting for elastic energy storage in McKibben artificial muscle actuators, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 2000, pp. 386—388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarlott J. Fluid actuator. US Patent No. 3 645 173, 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarlott J. Fluid actuator, US Patent No. 3 645 173, 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Tsagarakis N. Biomimetic actuators in prosthetic and rehabilitation applications // Technology and Health Care. 2002. P. 107—120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Tsagarakis N. Biomimetic actuators in prosthetic and rehabilitation applications, 2002, Technology and Health Care, pp. 107—120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukolj M. Axially contractible actuator. US Patent No. 4 733 603, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukolj M. Axially contractible actuator, US PatentNo. 4 733 603, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Immega G. Tension actuator load suspension system. US Patent No. 826 206, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Immega G. Tension actuator load suspension system, US Patent No. 826 206, 1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paynter H. Hyperboloid of revolution f luid-driven tension actuators and methods of making. US Patent No. 4 721 030, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paynter H. Hyperboloid of revolution f luid-driven tension actuators and methods of making, US Patent No. 4 721 030, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavrilovic M., Maric M. Positional servo-mechanism activated by artificial muscles // Medical and Biological Engineering. 1969. Vol. 7. P. 77—82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilovic M., Maric M. Positional servo-mechanism activated by artificial muscles, Medical and Biological Engineering, 1969, vol. 7, pp. 77—82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoue K. Rubbertuators and applications for robotics // Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Robotics Research. New York, 1987. P. 57—63.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inoue K. Rubbertuators and applications for robotics, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Robotics Research, New York, 1987, pp. 57—63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hannaford B., Winters J., Chou C., Marbot P. The anthroform biorobotic arm: a system for the study of spinal circuits // Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 1995. Vol. 23. P. 399—408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hannaford B., Winters J., Chou C., Marbot P. The anthroform biorobotic arm: a system for the study of spinal circuits, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1995, vol. 23, pp. 399—408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Control of Pneumatic Muscle Actuators // IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 1995. Vol. 15, N. 1. P. 40—48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Control of Pneumatic Muscle Actuators, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 1995, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 40—48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daerden F., Lefeber D. The concept and design of pleated pneymatic artificial muscles // International Journal of Fluid Power. 2001. P. 41—50.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daerden F., Lefeber D. The concept and design of pleated pneymatic artificial muscles, International Journal of Fluid Power, 2001, pp. 41—50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verrelst B., Daerden F., Lefeber D., Van Ham R., Fabri T. Introducing Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for the actuation of legged robots: a one-dimensional set-up // Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots. Madrid. 2000. P. 583—590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verrelst B., Daerden F., Lefeber D., Van Ham R., Fabri T.Introducing Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for the actuation of legged robots: a one-dimensional set-up, Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, Madrid, 2000, pp. 583—590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Razak A., Goodwin M. Braided Pneumatic Muscle Actuators // Proceedings of the IFAC Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles, Southampton, 1993. P. 507—512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Razak A., Goodwin M. Braided Pneumatic Muscle Actuators, Proceedings of the IFAC Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles, Southampton, 1993, pp. 507—512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winters J. Braided Artificial Muscles: mechanical properties and future uses in prosthetics/orthotics // Proceedings of the RESNA 13th Annual Conference. Washington DC. 1995. P. 173—174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winters J. Braided Artificial Muscles: mechanical properties and future uses in prosthetics/orthotics, Proceedings of the RESNA 13th Annual Conference, Washington DC, 1995, pp. 173—174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis S., Tsagarakis N., Canderle J., C. D. G. Enhanced modeling and performance in braided pneumatic muscle actuators //International Journal of Robotics Research. 2003. Vol. 22, N. 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis S., Tsagarakis N., Canderle J., C. D. G. Enhanced modeling and performance in braided pneumatic muscle actuators, International Journal of Robotics Research, 2003, vol. 22, no. 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kingsley D., Quinn R. D. Fatigue life and frequency response of braided pneumatic actuators // IEEE Robotics and Automation Conference. Washington. 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kingsley D., Quinn R. D. Fatigue life and frequency response of braided pneumatic actuators, IEEE Robotics and Automation Conference, Washington, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colbrunn R., Nelson G., Quinn R. Modeling of Braided Pneumatic Actuators for Robotic Control // Proceedings of IROS. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 1964—1970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colbrunn R., Nelson G., Quinn R. Modeling of Braided Pneumatic Actuators for Robotic Control, Proceedings of IROS, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 1964—1970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daerden F. Conception and Realization of Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles and their Use as Compliant Actuation Elements. PhD thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daerden F. Conception and Realization of Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles and their Use as Compliant Actuation Elements, PhD thesis. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casi D. V. Development of the production process of PPAM, PhD Thesis (Universidad Publica de Navarra), 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casi D. V. Development of the production process of PPAM, PhD Thesis (Universidad Publica de Navarra), 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paynter H. M. Low-cost pneumatic arthrobots powered by tug—and—twist polymer actuators // Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation. 1996. Vol. 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paynter H. M. Low-cost pneumatic arthrobots powered by tug—and—twist polymer actuators, Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, 1996, vol. 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noritsugu T., Takaiwa M., Sasaki D. Development of Power Assist Wear using Pneumatic Rubber Artificial Muscles // Proc. of Asia Int. Symposium on Mechatronics). 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noritsugu T., Takaiwa M., Sasaki D. Development of Power Assist Wear using Pneumatic Rubber Artificial Muscles, Proc. of Asia Int. Symposium on Mechatronics, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vimieiro C., do Nascimento B. G., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a hip orthosis using pneumatic artificial muscles //Technology Meets Surgery International. Sao Paulo, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vimieiro C., do Nascimento B. G., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a hip orthosis using pneumatic artificial muscles, Technology Meets Surgery International, Sao Paulo, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knestel M., Hofer E., KleeBarillas S., Rupp R. The Artificial Muscle as an Innovative Actuator in Rehabilitation Robotics //The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knestel M., Hofer E., KleeBarillas S., Rupp R. The Artificial Muscle as an Innovative Actuator in Rehabilitation Robotics, The International Federation of Automatic Control, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Damme M., Van Ham R., Vanderborght B., Daerden F., Lefeber D. Design of a soft 2-DOF planar pneumatic manipulator //International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. 2005. P. 559—566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Damme M., Van Ham R., Vanderborght B., Daer den F., Lefeber D. Design of a soft 2-DOF planar pneumatic manipulator, International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, 2005, pp. 559—566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kingsley D. A., Quinn R. D., Ritzmann R. E. A cockroach inspired robot with artificial muscles // International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines (AMAM), Kyoto, Japan, 2003. P. 559—566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kingsley D. A., Quinn R. D., Ritzmann R. E. A cockroach inspired robot with artificial muscles, International Symposium on Adaptive Motion of Animals and Machines (AMAM), Kyoto, Japan, 2003, pp. 559—566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarfe P., Lindsay E. Air muscles actuated low cost humanoid hand // Int. J. Advanced Robotic Systems). 2006. P. 139—146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarfe P., Lindsay E. Air muscles actuated low cost humanoid hand, Int. J. Advanced Robotic Systems, pp. 139—146, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daerden F., Lefeber D. Pneumatic artificial muscles: actuators for robotics and automation // European journal of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering. 2000. Vol. 47. P. 10—21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daerden F., Lefeber D. Pneumatic artificial muscles: actuators for robotics and automation, European journal of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering, 2000, vol. 47, pp. 10—21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Электронный ресурс фирмы Festo. URL: https://www.festo.com/cat/ru_ru/data/doc_ru/PDF/RU/MAS_RU.PDF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WebsiteFesto, available at: https://www.festo.com/cat/ru_ru/data/doc_ru/PDF/RU/MAS_RU.PDF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldwin H. A. Realizable models of muscle f unction", Proceedings of the First Rock Biomechanics Symposium. New York, 1969. P. 139—148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldwin H. A. Realizable models of muscle function, Proceedings of the First Rock Biomechanics Symposium,pp. 139—148, New York, 1969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Водяник Г. М., Водяник А. Г., Цибизов А. Н. Механическая мышца, Патент на полезную модель № 7156. Приоритет полезной модели от 15.09.1997 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vodjanik G., Vodjanik A., Zibizov F. Mehanicheskaya myshtca(Mechanical muscle), useful model patent № 7156, 15.09.1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липатов А. А., Марти А. Н., Шароватов В. Т.Исследование статики и динамики оболочкового гидро-пневмодвигателя // Известия "Машиностроение", 2002. № 4. С. 36—49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipatov A., Marti A., Sharovatov V. Issledovanie statiki i dinamiki obolochkovogo gidro-pnevmodvinatelja(Static and dynamic research of membranate hydro-pneumo-actuator), Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Priborostroenie,2002, vol. 4, pp. 36—49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чеpнусь Пав. П., Шаpоватов В. Т. Pазpаботка упpощенных математических моделей силовой части силовых оболочковых бесштоковых пневмоцилиндров // Матеp. ХХХХII Всеpос. симпозиума. Т. 3. Москва, 2012. С. 69—80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernus P., Sharovatov V. Pazpabotka upposhhennyh matematicheskih modelej silovoj chasti silovyh obolochkovyh besshtokovyh pnevmocilindrov(Development of simplified mathematical models of force part of forced membranate rod less pneumatic cylinders), XXXXII Allrussia Symposium, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 69—80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Чернусь П. П. Математическая модель силовой части оболочкового пневмоцилиндpа одностоpоннего действия толкающего типа // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2014. № 9. С. 30—36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Chernus P. Matematicheskaja model’ silovoj chasti obolochkovogo pnevmocilindpa odnostoponnego dejstvija tolkajushhego tipa(Mathematical model of force part of one-way acting push type membranate pneumatic cylinder), Mekhatronica, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie, 2014, vol. 9, pp. 30—36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chernus P., Sharovatov V.Dynamic Mathematical Model of Two-way Bellow Actuator // Procedia Engineering. 2015. Vol. 100.P. 10 4 0 —10 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernus P., Sharovatov V.Dynamic Mathematical Model of Two-way Bellow Actuator, Procedia Engineering, 2015, vol. 100, pp. 1040—1045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернусь Павел П., Шароватов В. Т., Чернусь Петр П.Modelling of two-way bellow actuator positioning // 26th DAAAM international symposium on intelligent manufacturing and automation 2016, Австрия, Вена. С. 620—625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernus Pavel, Chernus Petr, Sharovatov V. Modelling of two-way bellow actuator positioning, 26th DAAAM international symposium on intelligent manufacturing and automation 2016, Austria, Wien, pp. 620—625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернусь Павел П., Шароватов В. Т., Чернусь Петр П. Mathematical model of proportional spool valve // 26th DAAAM international symposium on intelligent manufacturing and automation 2016. Австрия, Вена. С. 626—632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernus Pavel, Chernus Petr, Sharovatov V. Mathematical model of proportional spool valve, 26th DAAAM international symposium on intelligent manufacturing and automation 2016, Austria, Wien, pp. 626—632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Лошицкий П. А. Математическая модель силового бесштокового пневмоцилиндра одностороннего действия оболочкового типа // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2011. № № 2. С. 30—36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Loshizkiy P. Matematicheskaja model’ silovogo besshtokovogo pnevmocilindra odnostoronnego dejstvija obolochkovogo tipa(Mathematical model of membranate forced rodless one-way pneumatic cilynder), Mekhatronica, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie, 2011, vol. 2, pp. 30—36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Лошицкий П. А. Математическая модель силового оболочкового бесштокового пневмоцилиндpа одностороннего действия с возвратной пружиной // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2012. № № 11.С. 45—49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Loshizkiy P. Matematicheskaja model’ silovogo obolochkovogo besshtokovogo pnevmocilindpa odnostoronnego dejstvija s vozvratnoj pruzhinoj (Mathematical model of membranate forced rodless one-way pneumatic cilynder with spring), Mekhatronica, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie,2012, vol. 11, pp. 45—49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лошицкий П. А. Разработка математических моделей оболочковых бесштоковых пневмоцилиндров с учетом динамики сжатого газа и их применение в системах приводов: дис. канд. техн. наук: 05.02.02. СПб. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loshizkiy P. Razrabotka matematicheskih modelej obolochkovyh besshtokovyh pnevmocilindrov s uchetom dinamiki szhatogo gaza i ih primenenie v sistemah privodov(Development of mathematical model of membranate rodless pneumatic cilynder considering compressed gas dynamic): PhD thesis in Engineering sciences: 05.02.02, Saint-Petersburg. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou C., Hannaford B. Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles // IEEE Transactions on robotics and automation. 1996. Vol. 12, N. 1. P. 90—102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou C., Hannaford B. Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, IEEE Transactions on robotics and automation,1996, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 90—102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tondu B., P. Lopez Modeling and control of McKibben artificial muscle robot actuators // IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 2000. Vol. 20, N. 2. P. 15—38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tondu B., Lopez P. Modeling and control of McKibben artificial muscle robot actuators, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 2000. vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 15—38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daerden F., Verrelst B., Lefeber D., Kool P. Controlling motion and compliance with Folded Pneumatic Artificial Muscles //Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, Portsmouth. 1999. P. 667—677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daerden F., Verrelst B., Lefeber D., Kool P. Controlling motion and compliance with Folded Pneumatic Artificial Muscles, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, Portsmouth, 1999, pp. 667—677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Yang C., Chen Y., Zhang Y., Dong Y. Modeling and control of a curved pneumatic muscle actuator for wearable elbow exoskeleton // Mechatronics. 2008. P. 448—457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J., Yang C., Chen Y., Zhang Y., Dong Y. Modeling and control of a curved pneumatic muscle actuator for wearable elbow exoskeleton, Mechatronics, 2008, pp. 448—457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou C., Hannaford B. Static and dynamic characteristics of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles // Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 1994. P. 281—286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou C., Hannaford B. Static and dynamic characteristics of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1994,pp. 281—286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doumit M., Fahim A. Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Braided Pneumatic Muscle // IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 2009. Vol. 25, N. 6. P. 1282—1291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doumit M. M., Fahim A. Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Braided Pneumatic Muscle, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2009, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1282—1291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrikopoulos G., Nikolakopoulos G., Manesis S. A survey on applications of pneumatic artificial muscles // Proceedings 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. 2011. P. 1439 —14 4 6 .</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrikopoulos G., Nikolakopoulos G., Manesis S. A survey on applications of pneumatic artificial muscles, Proceedings 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, 2011, pp. 1439—1446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berns K., Albiez J., Kepplin V., Hillenbrand C. Airbug—Incectlike machine actuated by fluidic muscle // CLAWAR 2001-Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berns K., Albiez J., Kepplin V., Hillenbrand C. Airbug—Incectlike machine actuated by f luidic muscle, CLAWAR 2001-Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verrelst B., Ham R., Vanderborght B., Daerden F., Lefeber D. The pneumatic biped "lucy" actuated with pleated pneumatic artificial muscles // Autonomous Robots. 2005. Vol. 18. P. 201—213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verrelst B., Ham R., Vanderborght B., Daerden F., Lefeber D. The pneumatic biped "lucy" actuated with pleated pneumatic artificial muscles, Autonomous Robots, 2005, vol. 18,pp. 201—213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boblan, Schulz A.A Humanoid Muscle Robot Torso with Biologically Inspired Construction // ISR 2010, 41st International Symposium on Robotics and ROBOTIK 2010, 6th German Conference on Robotics. Munich, Germany, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boblan and Schulz A. A Humanoid Muscle Robot Torso with Biologically Inspired Construction, ISR 2010, 41st International Symposium on Robotics and ROBOTIK 2010, 6th German Conference on Robotics, Munich, Germany, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prior S., White A. Measurements and simulation of a pneumatic muscle actuator for a rehabilitation robot // Simulation Practice Theory. 1995. Vol. 3, N. 2. P. 81—117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prior S., White A. Measurements and simulation of a pneumatic muscle actuator for a rehabilitation robot, Simulation Practice Theory, 1995, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 81—117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Misuraca J., Mavroidis C. Limb Human Muscle Enhancer // Proceedings of IMECE01: International Mechanical Enginee ring Conference and Exposition. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Misuraca J., Mavroidis C. Limb Human Muscle Enhancer, Proceedings of IMECE01: International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. Biomimetic Actuators in Prosthetic and Rehabilitation Applications // Technology and Health Care Journal. 2002. Vol. 10, N. 2. P. 107—120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. Biomimetic Actuators in Prosthetic and Rehabilitation Applications, Technology and Health Care Journal, 2002, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 107—120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wongsiri S., Laksanacharoen S. Design and construction of an artificial limb driven by artificial muscles for amputees // International Conference on Energy and the Environment, Songkla. 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wongsiri S., Laksanacharoen S. Design and construction of an artificial limb driven by artificial muscles for amputees, International Conference on Energy and the Environment, Songkla, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laksanacharoen S. Artificial muscle contsruction using natural rubber latex in Thailand // The 3rd Thailand and Material Science and Technology Conference. Bangkok, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laksanacharoen S. Artificial muscle contsruction using natural rubber latex in Thailand, The 3rd Thailand and Material Science and Technology Conference, Bangkok, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobayashi H., Hiramatsu K. Development of muscle suit for upper limb // Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Tokyo, 2004. Vol. 2480, N. 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobayashi H., Hiramatsu K. Development of muscle suit for upper limb, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE, International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004, vol. 2480, no. 5, Tokyo.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J., Koeneman E., Schultz R., Huang H., Wanberg J., Herring D., Sugar T., Herman R., Koeneman J. Design of a Robotic Upper Extremity Repetitive Therapy Device // Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, Chicago, IL, USA. 2005. P. 95—98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J., Koeneman E., Schultz R., Huang H., Wanberg J., Herring D., Sugar T., Herman R., Koeneman J. Design of a Robotic Upper Extremity Repetitive Therapy Device, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, Chicago, IL, USA, 2005, pp. 95—98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balasubramanian S., Wei R., Perez M., Shepard B., Koeneman E., Koeneman J., He J.RUPERT. An exoskeleton robot for assisting rehabilitation of arm functions // Virtual Rehabilitation. 2008. P 163—167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balasubramanian S., Wei R., Perez M., Shepard B., Koeneman E., Koeneman J., He J. RUPERT. An exoskeleton robot for assisting rehabilitation of arm functions, Virtual Rehabilitation 2008, pp. 163—167, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vimieiro C., B. G. do N., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a Hip Orthosis using Pneumatic Artificial Muscles //Proceedings of TMSI (Technology meets Surgery International) 2005, Sao Paolo, Spain, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vimieiro C., B. G. do N., Nagem D., Pinotti M. Development of a Hip Orthosis using Pneumatic Artificial Muscles, Proceedings of TMSI (Technology meets Surgery International) 2005, Sao Paolo, Spain, 2005.68. Ferris D., Czerniecki J., Hannaford B. An ankle foot orthosis powered by artificial pneumatic muscles, J. Appl. Biomec, 2005, vol. 21, pp. 189—197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferris D., Czerniecki J., Hannaford B. An ankle foot orthosis powered by artificial pneumatic muscles // J. Appl. Biomec. 2005. Vol. 21. P. 189—197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferris D., Gordon K., Sawicki G., Peethambaran A. An improved powered ankle-foot orthosis using proportional myoelectric control, Gait and Posture, 2005, vol. 23, pp. 425—428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferris D., Gordon K., Sawicki G., Peethambaran A. An improved powered ankle-foot orthosis using proportional myoelectric control // Gait and Posture. 2005. Vol. 23, P. 425—428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon K., Sawicki G., Ferris D. Mechanical Performance of Artificial Pneumatic Muscles to Power an Ankle-Foot Orthosis, Journal of Biomechanics, 2006, vol. 39, pp. 1832—1841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon K., Sawicki G., Ferris D. Mechanical Performance of Artificial Pneumatic Muscles to Power an Ankle-Foot Orthosis // Journal of Biomechanics. 2006. Vol. 39. P. 1832—1841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. Development and control of a physiotherapy and training exercise facility for the upper limb using soft actuators, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics, Coimbra, Portugal, 2003, pp. 1092—1097.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. Development and control of a physiotherapy and training exercise facility for the upper limb using soft actuators // Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advanced Robotics, Coimbra, Portugal, 2003.P. 10 9 2 —10 9 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. A Compliant exoskeleton for multi-planar upper limb physiotherapy and training, International Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan, Advanced Robotics, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsagarakis N., Caldwell D. A Compliant exoskeleton for multi-planar upper limb physiotherapy and training // International Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan, Advanced Robotics. 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Tsagarakis N., Kousidou S., Costa N., Sarakoglou I. "Soft" Exoskeletons for Upper and Lower Body Rehabilitation — Design, Control and Testing, International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 2007, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 549—573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Tsagarakis N., Kousidou S., Costa N., Sarakoglou I. "Soft" Exoskeletons for Upper and Lower Body Rehabilitation — Design, Control and Testing // International Journal of Humanoid Robotics. 2007. Vol. 4, N. 3. P. 549—573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Braided pneumatic actuator control of a multi-jointed manipulator, Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 423—428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D., Medrano-Cerda G., Goodwin M. Braided pneumatic actuator control of a multi-jointed manipulator // Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 1993. Vol. 1. P. 423—428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pomiers P. Modular robot arm based on pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARM), Proceedings of CLAWAR 2003, Catania, Italy, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pomiers P. Modular robot arm based on pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARM) // Proceedings of CLAWAR 2003. Catania, Italy, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawashima K., Sasaki T., Miyata T., Nakamura N., Sekiguchi M., Kagawa T. Development of robot using pneumatic artificial rubber muscles to operate construction machinery, J. Robotics and Mechatronics, 2004, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 8—15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawashima K., Sasaki T., Miyata T., Nakamura N., Sekiguchi M., Kagawa T. Development of robot using pneumatic artificial rubber muscles to operate construction machinery // J. Robotics and Mechatronics. 2004. Vol. 16, N. 1. P. 8—15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damme M. V., Ham R. V., Vanderborght B., Daerden F., Lefeber D. Design of a "soft" 2-DOF planar pneumatic manipulator, Proceedings of CLAWAR 2005: 8th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, 2005, pp. 559—566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damme M. V., Ham R. V., Vanderborght B., Daerden F., Lefeber D. Design of a "soft" 2-DOF planar pneumatic manipulator // Proceedings of CLAWAR 2005: 8th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. 2005. P. 559—566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damme M. V., Daerden F., Lefeber D. A pneumatic manipulator used in direct contact with an operator, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, 2005, pp. 4505—4510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damme M. V., Daerden F., Lefeber D. A pneumatic manipulator used in direct contact with an operator // Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain. 2005. P. 4505—4510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caldwell D. G., Tsagarakis N. G., Medrano-Cerda G. A., Schofield J., Brown S. Development of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuator driven Manipulator Rig for Nuclear Waste Retrieval Operations, Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Robotics &amp; Automation Detroit, Michigan, 05.1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caldwell D. G., Tsagarakis N. G., Medrano-Cerda G. A., Schofield J., Brown S. Development of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuator driven Manipulator Rig for Nuclear Waste Retrieval Operations // Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Robotics &amp; Automation Detroit, Michigan. 05.1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wedler, Denkena D. New Compliant Mc-Kibben Actuator Driven by Pneumatic Actuators as a Hexapod Platform in Robotic Applications, 10th Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation, ASTRA 2008, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wedler, Denkena D. New Compliant Mc-Kibben Actuator Driven by Pneumatic Actuators as a Hexapod Platform in Robotic Applications // 10th Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation, ASTRA 2008, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radojicic J., Surdilovic D., Schreck G. Modular Hybrid Robots for Safe Human-Robot Interaction, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WCSAT 2009), Bangkok, Thailand, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radojicic J., Surdilovic D., Schreck G. Modular Hybrid Robots for Safe Human-Robot Interaction // World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WCSAT 2009), Bangkok, Thailand, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ichim, Pneumatic Applied To Logistic Systems, Annals of the Oradea University, Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering, 2007, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 2282—2289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ichim.Pneumatic Applied To Logistic Systems // Annals of the Oradea University, Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering. 2007. Vol. 6, N. 16. P. 2282—2289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown G., Haggard R., Almassy R., Benney R., Dellicker S. The Affordable Guided Airdrop System (AGAS), AIAA paper99-1742 presented at the 15th CEAS/AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown G., Haggard R., Almassy R., Benney R., Dellicker S. The Affordable Guided Airdrop System (AGAS) // AIAA paper99-1742 presented at the 15th CEAS/AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yerkes N., Wereley N. Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Activation for Trailing Edge Flaps, AIAA paper 2008-1418, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yerkes N., Wereley N. Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Activation for Trailing Edge Flaps // AIAA paper 2008-1418, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pohl M. A Motion Seat Using Pneumatic Membran Actuators in a Hexapod System Structur, 6th International Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics, REM 2005, Annecy, France, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pohl M. A Motion Seat Using Pneumatic Membran Actuators in a Hexapod System Structur // 6th International Workshop on Research and Education in Mechatronics, REM 2005, Annecy, France, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernus P., Golovkin S. Primenenie silovyh obolochkovyh jelementov v vibroispytatel’nyh stendah(Approach of forced membranate elements in vibration stands), Voennaja radiojelektronika: opyt ispol’zovanija i problemy, podgotovka specialistov: 24-aja Mezhvuzovskaja nauchno-tehnicheskaja konferencija,VMPI, 2013,pp. 251—262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернусь П. П., Головкин С. В. Применение силовых оболочковых элементов в виброиспытательных стендах // Военная радиоэлектроника: опыт использования и проблемы, подготовка специалистов: 24-я Межвузовская научно-техническая конф., ВМПИ. 2013. С. 251—262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Lastochkin A., Chernus P. Ustrojstvo zagrazhdeniya(Barrier arrangement), useful model patent № 127027 from 20.06.2012, published vol. 11, 20.04.2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Ласточкин А. А., Чернусь П. П. Устройство заграждения. Патент на полезную модель № 127027. Приоритет полезной модели от 20.06.2012 г., опубликован в Бюл. № 11 от 20.04.2013 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Lastochkin A., Chernus P., Yakovenko N.Ustrojstvo zapreshhenija proezda protivotarannogo tipa (Barrier arrangement forced type), useful model patent № 141880 from 26.07.2013, published vol. 17, 20.06.2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Ласточкин А. А., Яковенко Н. Г., Чернусь П. П. Устройство запрещения проезда противо-таранного типа. Патент на полезную модель № 141880. Приоритет полезной модели от 26.07.2013 г., опубликован в Бюл. № 17 от 20.06.2014 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Lastochkin A., Chernus P. Ustrojstvo zapreshhenija proezda protivotarannogo tipa (Barrier arrangement forced type), Pat. № 2532675 from 21.11.2012, published vol. 15, 27.05.2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Ласточкин А. А., Чернусь П. П. Устройство запрещения проезда противотаранного типа. Патент на изобретение № 2532675. Приоритет изобретения от 21.11.2012 г., опубликован в Бюл. № 15 от 27.05.2014 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharovatov V., Lastochkin A., Chernus P, Yakovenko N. Protivotarannoe ustrojstvo zapreshhenija proezda s nakladkoj(Barrier arrangement with shield), Pat. № 2538738 from 16.07.2013, published vol. 1, 10.01.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шароватов В. Т., Ласточкин А. А., Яковенко Н. Г., Чернусь П. П. Противотаранное устройство запрещения проезда с накладкой. Патент на изобретение № 2538738. Приоритет изобретения от 16.07.2013 г., опубликован в Бюл. № 1 от 10.01.2015 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шароватов В. Т., Ласточкин А. А., Яковенко Н. Г., Чернусь П. П. Противотаранное устройство запрещения проезда с накладкой. Патент на изобретение № 2538738. Приоритет изобретения от 16.07.2013 г., опубликован в Бюл. № 1 от 10.01.2015 г.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
