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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.27.207-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1985</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИНАМИКА, БАЛЛИСТИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DYNAMICS, BALLISTICS AND CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Задача оптимального управления ориентацией космического аппарата с учетом нагружения конструкции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problem of Optimal Attitude Control of Spacecraft Taking into Account Loading of Construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levskii</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>М. В. Левский, канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотр., вед. науч. сотр.</p><p>г. Королев</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M. V. Levskii</p><p>Korolev, Moscow Region, 141091 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levskii1966@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт космических систем им. А. А. Максимова — филиал Государственного космического научно-производственного центра им. М. В. Хруничева<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Maksimov Research Institute of Space System as branch of Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>207</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1985">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1985</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрено кватернионное решение задачи оптимального управления разворотом космического аппарата (КА) как твердого тела из произвольного начального в назначенное угловое положение, которое учитывает нагружение конструкции. Решаемая задача отличается использованием нового критерия оптимальности. Оптимизация процесса управления основана на комбинированном функционале качества, который объединяет в заданной пропорции сумму времени, затраченного на разворот, и интеграл квадратичной формы угловой скорости за время разворота. В принятом функционале подынтегральное выражение отражает уровень динамических нагрузок на конструкцию КА. Предложенный способ управления вращением КА улучшает условия разворота с точки зрения минимально возможного нагружения конструкции КА. Аналитическое решение поставленной задачи получено на основе принципа максимума с использованием кватернионных моделей управляемого движения твердого тела. В явном виде раскрыты свойства оптимального вращения КА, определена структура оптимального управления. Показано, что во время маневра переориентации уровень нагружения конструкции КА не превышает заранее установленной величины, определяемой коэффициентами минимизируемого функционала; при этом время разворота минимально (насколько это возможно при заданном уровне динамических нагрузок). Для построения оптимальной программы управления записаны формализованные уравнения и расчетные формулы. Приведены аналитические уравнения и соотношения для нахождения оптимального управления. Даны ключевые соотношения, определяющие оптимальные значения параметров алгоритма управления поворотом КА. Описана реализация программного разворота. В случае осесимметричного нагружения КА получено решение задачи переориентации в замкнутой форме. Представлены численный пример и результаты математического моделирования, подтверждающие практическую реализуемость разработанного метода управления переориентацией КА. Актуальность изучаемой задачи оптимального управления КА вызвана тем, что максимально допустимое нагружение корпуса КА и других элементов его конструкции нередко становится существенным ограничением для движения около центра масс (особенно для научных КА и малых КА, чувствительных к динамическим нагрузкам).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Quaternion solution of the problem on optimum control of a turn of a spacecraft (as solid body) from an arbitrary initial into an assigned final angular position taking into account the degree of loading of the construction is considered. The solved problem differs in use of new criteria of optimality. Optimization of control process is based on the combined functional of quality that combines in a given proportion time spent on spacecraft rotation and the integral of quadratic form relative to angular velocity (this quadratic form reflects dynamical loads on spacecraft construction). The proposed control method for spacecraft rotation improves conditions of turn in sense of minimum loading of spacecraft construction. Analytical solution of optimal control problem is obtained on the base of maximum principle with use of quaternionic models of the solid body motion controlled. The properties of optimal motion of a spacecraft are revealed in an explicit form, the structure of optimal control is specified. It is shown that degree of spacecraft construction loading during reorientation maneuver does not exceed the required value which is determined by coefficients of the minimized functional; and time of rotation is minimum also (as it is possible under given value of dynamical loading). To construct optimal control program, formalized equations and calculation formulas are written. Analytical equations and relations are presented for finding optimal control. Key relationships determining optimal values of the parameters of control algorithm for spacecraft turning are described. In the case of axially symmetric loading of spacecraft construction, solution to the problem of spatial reorientation is obtained in closed form. A numerical example and results of mathematical modeling that confirm the practical feasibility of the developed method for control of spacecraft reorientation are given. Significance of the investigated problem of spacecraft optimal control is caused that often, allowable loading of spacecraft board and its elements of construction is significant restriction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>управление ориентацией</kwd><kwd>тензор инерции</kwd><kwd>кватернионы</kwd><kwd>оптимальное управление</kwd><kwd>фазовые переменные</kwd><kwd>управляющая функция</kwd><kwd>комбинированный критерий качества</kwd><kwd>принцип максимума</kwd><kwd>условия оптимальности</kwd><kwd>краевая задача</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>attitude control</kwd><kwd>the inertia tensor</kwd><kwd>quaternions</kwd><kwd>optimal control</kwd><kwd>the phase variables</kwd><kwd>control function</kwd><kwd>the combined criterion of quality</kwd><kwd>maximum principle</kwd><kwd>the optimality conditions</kwd><kwd>the boundary-value problem</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinitsin L. 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