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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.26.401-411</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синтез статических регуляторов по выходу с использованием градиентных потоков: АКОР и МНК-модальная аппроксимация</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synthesis of Output Feedback Static Regulators by Using the Gradient Flows: LQR and LS-Matching Eigenvalue Assignment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснощеченко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnoschechenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>В. И. Краснощеченко, канд. техн. наук, доц., </p><p>Калуга.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoschechenko Vladimir I., PhD, Associate Professor,</p><p>Kaluga, 248000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.krasnoschechenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский филиал Московского государственного технического университета им. Н. Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Kaluga Branch</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>401</fpage><lpage>411</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1800">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1800</self-uri><abstract><p>Синтез регуляторов по выходной измеряемой переменной считается более трудной задачей по сравнению с синтезом по вектору состояния и синтезом динамических регуляторов. Эта проблема в общем виде не решена до сих пор. В данной работе рассматривается случай, когда не выполняются ни необходимые (mp ≥ n), ни достаточные (mp &gt; n) условия для синтеза модальных регуляторов по выходу, где m — число входов, p — число выходов, n — порядок системы. При этом исследуются два подхода к решению данной проблемы: аналитическое конструирование оптимальных регуляторов (АКОР) и модальная аппроксимация с использованием градиентных потоков. В первом случае решаются алгебраические уравнения Ляпунова и интегрируются градиентные уравнения. В этом случае всегда достигается экстремум (локальный или глобальный). Во втором подходе используются градиентные потоки на группе GL(n, R)ЅRmЅp, где проводится модальная аппроксимация на основе метода наименьших квадратов (МНК-модальная аппроксимация) (mp &lt; n) с выбором части желаемого спектра замкнутой системы. В этом случае оптимизация проводится до вхождения мод в малую окрестность желаемых мод. Для получения градиентных уравнений в обоих подходах выводятся градиенты целевых функций tr(M) от матричного аргумента. Подробно рассмотрены свойства функции tr(M) и правила нахождения ее градиента от матричного аргумента. Проверка полученных градиентных уравнений проводится на практическом примере для объекта 4-го порядка со слабо демпфированной динамикой с большой областью неопределенности параметров, где ставится задача синтеза робастного статического регулятора минимального (второго) порядка. Данная задача решена обоими методами с выполнением поставленных технических требований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Synthesis of regulators based on the output measured variable is considered more difficult than synthesis based on the state variables and synthesis of dynamic regulators. This problem has not been solved in its general form so far. In this paper, we consider the case when neither the necessary (mp ≥ n)  nor sufficient (mp &gt; n) conditions for the pole placement synthesis at the output are fulfilled, where m is the number of inputs, p the number of outputs, and n the order of the system. At the same time, two approaches to solving this problem are being investigated: LQR and the pole placement approximation using gradient flows. In the first case, Lyapunov algebraic equations are solved and gradient equations are integrated. In this case, an extremum (local or global) is always reached. The second approach uses gradient flows on group Lie</p><p>GL(n, R) Ѕ RmЅp, where a least squares pole assignment (mp &lt; n) is performed with the choice of a part of the desired spectrum of a closed system. Here, optimization is performed before the modes enter a small neighborhood of the desired modes. To obtain gradient equations in both approaches, gradients of objective functions tr(M) from the matrix argument are derived. The properties of the function tr(M) and the rules for finding its gradient from the matrix argument are considered in detail. The obtained gradient equations are verified using a practical example: a 4th-order object with weakly damped dynamics with a large range of parameter uncertainty, where the task is to synthesize a robust static regulator of the minimum (second) order. This problem has been solved by both methods with the fulfillment of the set technical requirements.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>градиентный поток</kwd><kwd>АКОР</kwd><kwd>уравнения Ляпунова</kwd><kwd>модальный синтез</kwd><kwd>группы Ли</kwd><kwd>алгебры Ли</kwd><kwd>статические регуляторы</kwd><kwd>МНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gradient flow</kwd><kwd>LQR</kwd><kwd>Lyapunov equations</kwd><kwd>Least squares eigenvalue assignment</kwd><kwd>Lie groups</kwd><kwd>Lie algebras</kwd><kwd>static regulators</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brockett R. W. Dynamical Systems that Sort Lists, Diagonalize Matrices and Solve Linear Programming Problems // Lin. Alg. and Appl. 1991. Vol. 146. P. 79—91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brockett R. W. 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