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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.26.199-208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1728</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТЫ, МЕХАТРОНИКА И РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ROBOT, MECHATRONICS AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Двухэтапная маршрутизация транспорта с использованием геопространственной кластеризации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Two-Stage Routing of Transport Using Geospatial Clustering</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р техн. наук, проф.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filimon_ab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонов</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonov</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д-р техн. наук, проф.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Dr. Sci. Tech.</p><p>Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbfilimonov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА—Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA — Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1728">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1728</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматривается одна из актуальных и ключевых задач транспортной отрасли — задача планирования маршрутов следования транспортных средств. Для многих приложений данная задача может быть описана и формализована как задача коммивояжера (англ. Traveling Salesman Problem, TSP), которая заключается в поиске для коммивояжера оптимального маршрута, проходящего через указанные города хотя бы по одному разу с последующим возвратом в исходный город. В общем случае при планировании таких маршрутов приходится решать множественную задачу коммивояжера (англ. Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem, MTSP), допускающую более одного коммивояжера и более одного депо — пункта их базирования, в котором начинаются и заканчиваются маршруты. MTSP как задача комбинаторной оптимизации относится к классу NP-трудных задач. В настоящей статье излагается эвристический метод ее решения на основе геопространственной кластеризации исходного множества го родов. Сначала рассматривается MTSP с одним депо. Дается двухиндексная математическая формализация данной задачи и излагается метод Миллера—Такера—Землина, сводящий ее к задаче целочисленного линейного программирования. Обсуждаются метаэвристические методы решения MTSP. Рассматривается более сложная задача — MTSP с несколькими депо. Излагается кластерный двухэтапный метод решения данной задачи — метод CFRS ("Cluster First — Route Second"), позволяющий свести ее к семейству MTSP с одним депо. Здесь на первом этапе осуществляется геопространственная кластеризация городов, для которой возможно использовать различные методы кластеризации, включая метод K-средних. На втором этапе для каждого построенного кластера осуществляется выбор депо для его обслуживания и строятся маршруты объезда всех городов данного кластера. Обсуждается методология кластеризации как эффективный инструмент решения MTSP.</p><p>Приводится числовой пример авиационной логистики — маршрутизация полетов группы БПЛА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the urgent and key problems of the transport industry is considered. This is the problem of planning the routes of vehicles. The given problem can be described and formalized as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) for many applications.</p><p>This problem consists in finding of the optimal route for a traveling salesman passing through the indicated cities at least once and with returning to the source city. In general, when planning such routes, it is necessary to solve the multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP), which allows for more than one traveling salesman and more than one depot, their base point, where routes begin and end. As a combinatorial optimization problem, MTSP belongs to the class of NP-hard problems. This article presents a heuristic method for its solving on the basis of geospatial clusterization of the initial set of cities. First, an MTSP with a single depot is considered. A two-index mathematical formalization of this problem is given and the Miller-Tucker-Zemlin method is described. It reduced to the problem of integer linear programming. Metaheuristic methods for solving MTSP are discussed. A more complex problem an MTSP with several depots is being considered. A comprehensive two-stage method for solving this problem is described — the CFRS ("Cluster First — Route Second") method, which allows reducing it to the MTSP family with a single depot. Here, at the first stage, geospatial clustering of cities is carried out, for which it is possible to use various clustering methods, including the K-means method. At the second stage, for each built cluster, a depot is selected for its maintenance and routes are built to bypass all cities in this cluster. The clustering methodology is discussed as an effective tool for solving MTSP.</p><p>A numerical example of aviation logistics is given — the routing of flights of UAV group.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>транспортные средства</kwd><kwd>планирование маршрутов</kwd><kwd>множественная задача коммивояжера (МЗК)</kwd><kwd>варианты с одним или несколькими депо</kwd><kwd>целочисленное линейное программирование</kwd><kwd>двухэтапный метод решения МЗК</kwd><kwd>геопространственная кластеризация</kwd><kwd>метод K-средних</kwd><kwd>числовой пример авиационной логистики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>routes of vehicles</kwd><kwd>route planning</kwd><kwd>multiple traveling salesman problem (TSP)</kwd><kwd>variants with one or more depots</kwd><kwd>integer linear programming</kwd><kwd>two-stage TSP solution method</kwd><kwd>geospatial clustering</kwd><kwd>K-means method</kwd><kwd>numerical example of aviation logistics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caceres-Cruz J., Arias P., Guimarans D., Riera D., Juan A. 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