<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.23.643-650</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОБОТЫ, МЕХАТРОНИКА И РОБОТОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ROBOT, MECHATRONICS AND ROBOTIC SYSTEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Планирование траектории движения коллаборативного робота для выполнения биопечати</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Planning the Trajectory of a Collaborative Robot for Bioprinting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карцева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartseva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка магистратуры</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartseva.2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">heis97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воротников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorotnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aavorotnikov90@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подураев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poduraev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф., проф. каф.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">y.poduraev@stankin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюхин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyukhin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, проф., зав. каф</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.of Sc. in Tech., Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyv_178@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технологический университет "СТАНКИН"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Technology "STANKIN"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>643</fpage><lpage>650</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1288">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1288</self-uri><abstract><p>Биопечать in situ — автоматизированный процесс прямого нанесения би оматериалов на дефектный участок живой ткани во время медицинской операции. Для выполнения такой биопечати целесообразно использовать коллаборативные манипуляционные роботы, обладающие пятью и более степенями подвижности и способные придавать рабочему органу нужную ориентацию. Актуальной является задача планирования траектории движения робота для биопечати in situ вдоль реальной криволинейной поверхности. Проведен краткий анализ решений, позволяющих планировать траекторию для биопечати. Приведено математическое описание поверхности, используемой в качестве модели дефекта, необходимое для построения траектории. Введены дополнительные ограничения в целях уменьшения сложности алгоритма планирования. Для локализации дефекта на криволинейной поверхности используется информация о задаваемом предварительно контуре, охватывающем этот дефект. Разработан алгоритм генерации плоской траектории движения рабочего органа робота для заполнения дефекта с последующим проецированием ее на реальную криволинейную поверхность. Отмечена важность предварительной обработки данных об отсканированной поверхности с помощью разработанного алгоритма фильтрации, основанного на методе скользящего среднего. Генерация траектории движения рабочего органа робота выполняется послойно сначала в плоскости, затем она проецируется на криволинейную поверхность. Для каждой точки траектории вычисляется такая однородная матрица преобразования, чтобы рабочий орган робота располагался по нормали к криволинейной поверхности. Представлен расчет углов ориентации рабочего органа робота KUKA на основании данных, получаемых из однородной матрицы преобразования. Работоспособность предлагаемого алгоритма планирования траектории для биопечати in situ подтверждена результатами компьютерного моделирования с использованием разработанного авторами программного обеспечения и результатами экспериментального исследования биопечати, выполняемой коллаборативным роботом KUKA LBR R820 на трех образцах с различной кривизной поверхности и разными контурами дефекта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In situ bioprinting is an automated process of direct application of biomaterials to a defective area of living tissue during a medical operation. To perform such bioprinting, it is advisable to use robotic manipulators with five or more degrees of mobility, which can give the end effector the desired orientation. The actual task is to plan the trajectory of the robot for in situ bioprinting on a real curved surface. A brief analysis of solutions allowing to plan the trajectory of bioprinting is carried out. A mathematical description of the surface used as a defect model is given, which is necessary for constructing the trajectory. Additional restrictions were introduced in order to reduce the complexity of the scheduling algorithm. To localize a defect on a curved surface, information about a given contour covering this defect is used. An algorithm has been developed for forming a flat trajectory of the robot’s end effector to fill in the defect, followed by projecting it onto a real curved surface. The importance of preprocessing data on the scanned surface using the developed filtering algorithm based on the moving average method is noted. The trajectory of the robot’s end effector is formed by layers first in the plane. It is then projected onto a curved surface. For each point of the trajectory, such a homogeneous transformation matrix is calculated so that the robot’s end effector is perpendicular to the curved surface. The calculation of the orientation angles of the working body of the KUKA robot is presented on the basis of data obtained from a homogeneous transformation matrix. The operability of the proposed trajectory planning algorithm for in situ bioprinting is confirmed by the results of computer modeling using the software developed by the authors and the results of an experimental study of bioprinting performed by the KUKA LBR R820 collaborative robot on three samples with different surface curvature and defect contour</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопечать in situ</kwd><kwd>планирование траектории робота</kwd><kwd>криволинейная траектория</kwd><kwd>предварительная обработка поверхности</kwd><kwd>заполнение дефекта</kwd><kwd>ступенчатый эффект</kwd><kwd>ориентация рабочего органа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>in situ bioprinting</kwd><kwd>robot trajectory planning</kwd><kwd>curved trajectory</kwd><kwd>surface pretreatment</kwd><kwd>defect filling</kwd><kwd>step effect</kwd><kwd>orientation of the working organ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках выполнения государственного задания (FSFS-2021-0004). Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования центра коллективного пользования "Государственный инжиниринговый центр" ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ "СТАНКИН" при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (проект № 075-15-2021-695 от 26.07.2021, уникальный идентификатор проекта RF-2296.61321X0013).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia within the framework of the state task (FSFS-2021-0004).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буйнов М. А., Воротников А. А., Климов Д. Д., Малышев И. Ю., Миронов В. А., Парфенов В. А., Перейра Д. А. С., Подураев Ю. В., Хесуани Ю. Д. Роботические технологии в медицине и биопринтинге: состояние проблемы и современные тенденции // Вестник МГТУ "Станкин". 2017. № 1 (40).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buinov M. A., Vorotnikov A. A., Klimov D. D., Malyshev I. Yu., Mironov V. A., Parfenov V. A., Pereira D. A. S., Poduraev Yu. V., Khesuani Yu. D. Robotic technologies in medicine and bioprinting: The state of the problem and current trends, Vestn. MGTU Stankin, 2017, vol. 40, no. 1 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eyercioglu O., Aladag M. Non-Planar Toolpath For Large Scale Additive Manufacturing // Int. J. of 3D Printing Tech. Dig. Ind. 2021. Vol. 5, N. 3. P. 477—487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eyercioglu O., Aladag M. Non-Planar Toolpath For</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu B. H., Lan H. B., Liu H. Z. Additive manufacturing frontier: 3D printing electronics // Opto-Electron Adv. 2018. N. 1. P. 170004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eyercioglu O., Aladag M. Non-Planar Toolpath For Large Scale Additive Manufacturing // Int. J. of 3D Printing Tech. Dig. Ind. 2021. Vol. 5, N. 3. P. 477—487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ezair B., Fuhrmann S., Elber G. Volumetric covering print-paths for additive manufacturing of 3D models // Comput. Aided Des. 2018. N. 100. P. 1—13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu B. H., Lan H. B., Liu H. Z. Additive manufacturing frontier: 3D printing electronics // Opto-Electron Adv. 2018. N. 1. P. 170004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahlers Daniel. 3D Printing of Nonplanar Layers for Smooth Surface Generation // Proc. of the 2019 IEEE 15th Internat. Conf. on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). August 2019. Vancouver, BC, Canada. P. 22—26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezair B., Fuhrmann S., Elber G. Volumetric covering print-paths for additive manufacturing of 3D models // Comput. Aided Des. 2018. N. 100. P. 1—13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alkadi F., Lee K. Ch., Choi J. W. Conformal Additive Manufacturing using a Direct-Print Process // Additive Manufacturing. 2020. Vol. 32. P. 100975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahlers Daniel. 3D Printing of Nonplanar Layers for Smooth Surface Generation // Proc. of the 2019 IEEE 15th Internat. Conf. on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). August 2019. Vancouver, BC, Canada. P. 22—26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подураев Ю. В. Подход и опыт проектирования медицинской коллаборативной робототехники для лазерной хирургии и биопринтинга // Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление. 2017. Т. 18, № 11. С. 749—752.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alkadi F., Lee K. Ch., Choi J. W. Conformal Additive Manufacturing using a Direct-Print Process // Additive Manufacturing. 2020. Vol. 32. P. 100975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortunato G. M., Rossi G., Bonatti A. F., De Acutis A., Mendoza-Buenrostro Ch., Vozzi G., De Maria C. Robotic platform and path planning algorithm for in situ Bioprinting // Bioprinting. 2021. Vol. 22. P. e00139,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poduraev Yu. V. Approach and Experience of Designing Medical Collaborative Robotics for Laser Surgery and Bio-Printing, Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie, 2017, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 749—752 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lian Q., Li X., Li D., Gu H., Bian W., He X. Path planning method based on discontinuous grid partition algorithm of point cloud for in situ printing // Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2019. Vol. 25. P. 602—613.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fortunato G. M., Rossi G., Bonatti A. F., De Acutis A., Mendoza-Buenrostro Ch., Vozzi G., De Maria C. Robotic platform and path planning algorithm for in situ Bioprinting // Bioprinting. 2021. Vol. 22. P. e00139,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Advanced solutions. URL: https://www.advancedsolutions.com/bioassemblybot-400.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lian Q., Li X., Li D., Gu H., Bian W., He X. Path planning method based on discontinuous grid partition algorithm of point cloud for in situ printing // Rapid Prototyping Journal. 2019. Vol. 25. P. 602—613.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Lian Q., Li D., Xin H., Jia S. Development of a Robotic Arm Based Hydrogel Additive Manufacturing System for In-Situ Printing // Appl. Sci. 2017. N. 7. P. 73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Advanced solutions. URL: https://www.advancedsolutions.com/bioassemblybot-400.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shembekar A. V., Yoon Y. J., Kanyuck A., Gupta S. K. Generating Robot Trajectories for Conformal 3D Printing Using Non-Planar Layers // Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 2019. Vol. 3. P. 1—13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Lian Q., Li D., Xin H., Jia S. Development of a Robotic Arm Based Hydrogel Additive Manufacturing System for In-Situ Printing // Appl. Sci. 2017. N. 7. P. 73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen H., Fuhlbrigge T., Li X. A review of CAD-based robot path planning for spray painting // Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 2009. Vol. 36, Iss. 1. P. 45—50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shembekar A. V., Yoon Y. J., Kanyuck A., Gupta S. K. Generating Robot Trajectories for Conformal 3D Printing Using Non-Planar Layers // Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 2019. Vol. 3. P. 1—13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkar P. N., Greenfield A., Conner D. C., Choset H., Rizzi A. A. Uniform Coverage of Automotive Surface Patches // The International Journal of Robotics Research. 2005. Vol. 24, N. 11. P. 883—898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen H., Fuhlbrigge T., Li X. A review of CAD-based robot path planning for spray painting // Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 2009. Vol. 36, Iss. 1. P. 45—50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye X., Luo L., Hou L., Duan Y., Wu Y. Laser Ablation Manipulator Coverage Path Planning Method Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm // Appl. Sci. 2020. N. 10. P. 8641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkar P. N., Greenfield A., Conner D. C., Choset H., Rizzi A. A. Uniform Coverage of Automotive Surface Patches // The International Journal of Robotics Research. 2005. Vol. 24, N. 11. P. 883—898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye X., Luo L., Hou L., Duan Y., Wu Y. Laser Ablation Manipulator Coverage Path Planning Method Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm // Appl. Sci. 2020. N. 10. P. 8641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye X., Luo L., Hou L., Duan Y., Wu Y. Laser Ablation Manipulator Coverage Path Planning Method Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm // Appl. Sci. 2020. N. 10. P. 8641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
