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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.23.256-262</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИНАМИКА, БАЛЛИСТИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DYNAMICS, BALLISTICS AND CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетический алгоритм оптимизации затрат энергии на переориентацию плоскости орбиты космического аппарата</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic Algorithm of Energy Consumption Optimization for Reorientation of the Spacecraft Orbital Plane</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доц.</p><p>г. Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci., Associate Professor; Researcher</p><p>Saratov, 410012Saratov, 410028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">PankratovIA@info.sgu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский националный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского; Институт проблем точной механики и управления РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State University; Institute for Problems of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>256</fpage><lpage>262</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1187">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1187</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа посвящена нахождению оптимальных траекторий полета космического аппарата. Уравнения движения записаны в кватернионной форме в орбитальной системе координат. Космический аппарат движется по своей орбите под действием ограниченного по модулю реактивного ускорения от тяги двигателя. Требуется уменьшить затраты энергии на перевод плоскости орбиты космического аппарата в заданное положение. Предполагается, что орбита космического аппарата круговая, а управление постоянно на соседних участках активного движения. В этом случае длины участков активного движения аппарата неизвестны. Необходимо найти длину каждого активного участка движения космического аппарата, их число и величину управления на каждом участке. Уравнения задачи были записаны в безразмерной форме. Это упрощает численное исследование задачи. В фазовых уравнениях задачи возник характерный безразмерный параметр. Он является комбинацией размерных величин, описывающих космический аппарат и его орбиту. Обычно задачи механики космического полета решаются с помощью принципа максимума. При этом для численного решения применяются различные модификации метода пристрелки (метод Ньютона, метод градиентного спуска и т. д.). Эти методы требуют хотя бы приблизительно указать начальные значения сопряженных переменных, но нам неизвестны аналитические формулы для того, чтобы их найти. В настоящей работе траектории движения космического аппарата были найдены с помощью нового генетического алгоритма. При этом каждый ген содержит дополнительный параметр, который показывает, формирует ли данный ген оптимальное управление или нет. Это помогает определить число активных участков движения космического аппарата. Входные данные предложенного алгоритма не содержат информацию о сопряженных переменных. Известно, что дифференциальные уравнения задачи имеют частное решение в случае, когда орбита круговая, а управление постоянно. Построенный генетический алгоритм использует это решение, что ускоряет его работу. Примеры численного решения задачи построены для двух вариантов, когда разница между угловыми переменными, соответствующими начальной и конечной ориентациям орбит космического аппарата, составляет единицы (или десятки) градусов. Конечное положение плоскости орбиты космического аппарата соответствует орбитальной плоскости отечественной группировки ГЛОНАСС. Построены графики изменения компонент кватерниона ориентации орбитальной системы координат, долготы восходящего узла, наклонения орбиты и оптимального управления. Получены таблицы, показывающие зависимость функционала качества и длительности переориентации орбиты от максимальной длины одного участка активного движения космического аппарата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is dedicated to the problem of finding optimal spacecraft trajectories. The equations of spacecraft motion are written in quaternion form. The spacecraft moves on its orbit under acceleration from the limited in magnitude jet thrust. It is necessary to minimize the energy costs for the process of reorientation of the spacecraft orbital plane. The equations of spacecraft motion are written in orbital coordinate system. It is assumed that spacecraft orbit is circular and control has constant value on each part of active spacecraft motion. In this case the lengths of the sections of the spacecraft motion are unknown. We need to find the length of each section, their quantity and value of control on each section. The equations of the problem were written in dimensionless form. It simplifies the numerical investigation of the obtained problem. There is a characteristic dimensionless parameter in the phase equations of the problem. This parameter is a combination of dimension variables describing the spacecraft and its orbit. Usually the problems of spaceflight mechanic are solved with the maximum principle. And we have to solve boundary value problems with some kind of shooting method (Newton’s method, gradient descent method etc.) Each shooting method requires initial values of conjugate variables, but we have no analytical formulas to find them. In this paper spacecraft flight trajectories were found with new genetic algorithm. Each gene contains additional parameter which equals to " True" , if the gene forms the control and equals to "False" otherwise. It helps us determine the quantity of spacecraft active motion parts. The input of proposed algorithm does not contain information about conjugate variables. It is well-known that the differential equations of the problem have a partial solution when the spacecraft orbit is circular and control is constant. The genetic algorithm involves this partial solution and its speed is increased. Numerical examples were constructed for two cases: when the difference between angular variables for start and final orientations of the spacecraft orbital plane equals to a few (or tens of) degrees. Final orientation of the spacecraft plane of orbit coincides with GLONASS orbital plane. The graphs of components of the quaternion of orientation of the orbital coordinate system, the longitude of the ascending node, the orbit inclination and optimal control are drawn. Tables were constructed showing the dependence of the value of the quality functional and the time spent on the reorientation of the orbital plane on the maximum length of the active section of motion.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космический аппарат</kwd><kwd>орбитальная плоскость</kwd><kwd>траекторная оптимизация</kwd><kwd>оптимальное управление</kwd><kwd>кватернионные уравнения</kwd><kwd>хромосома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spacecraft</kwd><kwd>orbital plane</kwd><kwd>trajectory optimization</kwd><kwd>optimal control</kwd><kwd>quaternion equations</kwd><kwd>chromosome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований — проект № 19-01-00205.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research — project № 19-01-00205.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirpichnikov S. 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