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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.23.59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1122</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проектирование гетерогенных киберфизических систем с применением теории категорий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Design of Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems Employing Category Theory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалёв</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalyov</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, вед. науч. сотр. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovalyov Sergei P., Dr. Sci, Lead Scientist</p><p>Moscow, 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalyov@sibnet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем управления им. В. А. Трапезникова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1122">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1122</self-uri><abstract><p>Гетерогенные киберфизические системы управления на основе цифровых двойников востребованы Индустрией 4.0. В соответствии с современной методологией системной инженерии такие системы проектируются на уровне цифровых моделей. В статье предложены подходы к формализации и последующей автоматизации решения задач их проектирования в прямой и обратной постановке. В целях унифицированного описания разнородных составных частей применяется подход к проектированию в разрезе точек зрения на систему, соответствующий международному стандарту ISO/IEC/ IEEE 42010. Следуя современным тенденциям, в качестве математического аппарата для формального описания и решения задач проектирования используется теория категорий — раздел высшей алгебры, направленный на унифицированное представление объектов различной природы и взаимосвязей между ними. Пространство проектирования гетерогенных киберфизических систем строится как подкатегория в категории мультизапятой, объекты которой описывают возможные архитектуры систем с заданной схемой структурной иерархии, представленные с той или иной точки зрения в виде диаграмм, а морфизмы отвечают действиям по подбору и замене составных частей. Категорию мультизапятой можно построить с помощью универсальных конструкций произведения, экспоненты и декартова квадрата, что позволяет установить ряд ее свойств. Прямые задачи проектирования заключаются в оценке свойств системы как целого по архитектуре и решаются с помощью универсальной теоретико-категорной конструкции копредела диаграммы. Решение обратных задач, требующих найти для системы варианты архитектуры, (суб-, Парето-) оптимальные по критериям потребительского качества, состоит в реконструкции диаграмм по ребрам их копределов. Описаны на языке теории категорий и проиллюстрированы типовые приемы сборки киберфизических систем, такие как модульная компоновки и аспектное связывание. В качестве примера приведено проектирование энергоэффективных роботизированных производственных линий, представленных с точки зрения поведения в виде дискретно-событийных имитационных моделей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Heterogeneous cyber-physical control systems based on digital twins are in demand by Industry 4.0. In accordance with the contemporary systems engineering methodology, such systems are designed at the level of digital models. The paper proposes approaches to formalization and subsequent automation of solving direct and inverse problems of their design. To unify descriptions of heterogeneous components, we follow a viewpoint-based approach to architecture design recommended by the international standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010. Following recent trends, we employ category theory as a mathematical framework for the formal description and solution of design problems. Indeed, category theory is a branch of higher algebra specifically aimed at a unified representation of objects of different nature and relationships between them. The design space of a heterogeneous cyber-physical system is constructed as a subcategory of the multicomma category, the objects of which describe possible system architectures with a fixed structural hierarchy represented from a certain viewpoint as diagrams, and morphisms denote actions associated with the parts selection and replacement during the system design. Direct design problems consist in evaluating the properties of the system as a whole by its architecture and are solved using a universal category-theoretic construction of the colimit of the diagram. The solution of inverse problems that require finding variants of the system architecture, which are (sub-, Pareto-) optimal according to the consumer quality criteria, consists in reconstructing diagrams by their colimit edges. For such reconstruction, optimization algorithms of gradient descent type are reasonable to employ, which navigate along the system design space morphisms calculating the path by means of computer algebra. Typical techniques of assembling cyber-physical systems, such as modular composition and aspect weaving, are described in the language of category theory and illustrated. As an example, we outline the design of energy-efficient robotic production lines represented from the behavior viewpoint as discrete-event simulation models.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>киберфизическая система</kwd><kwd>порождающее проектирование</kwd><kwd>автоматическое производство</kwd><kwd>архитектурное представление</kwd><kwd>теория категорий</kwd><kwd>копредел</kwd><kwd>категория мультизапятой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cyber-physical system</kwd><kwd>generative design</kwd><kwd>automatic manufacturing</kwd><kwd>architecture viewpoint</kwd><kwd>category theory</kwd><kwd>colimit</kwd><kwd>multicomma category</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khaitan S. K., McCalley J. D. Design techniques and applications of cyber physical systems: a survey // IEEE Systems Journal. 2015. Vol. 9, N. 2. 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