<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">novtexmech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мехатроника, автоматизация, управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1684-6427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1253</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17587/mau.23.37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">novtexmech-1115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИНАМИКА, БАЛЛИСТИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DYNAMICS, BALLISTICS AND CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концептуальная модель маршрутизации данных дистанционного зондирования Земли в группировке спутников связи многоспутниковой космической системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Conceptual Model of Remote Sensing Data Routing in the Grouping of Communication Satellites of a Multi-Satellite Space System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карсаев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karsaev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg, 199178</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karsaev@ips-logistic.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ФИЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Commercial Publisher «New Technologies», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Commercial Publisher «New Technologies»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1115">https://mech.novtex.ru/jour/article/view/1115</self-uri><abstract><p>В предлагаемом подходе к решению задачи маршрутизации используется следующая специфика сети. Узлами сети являются спутники дистанционного зондирования, спутники связи и объекты наземной инфраструктуры. При этом можно выделить два фрагмента сети. Первый фрагмент сети образуют спутники связи, а второй фрагмент — каналы связи этих спутников с объектами наземной инфраструктуры и спутниками дистанционного зондирования. Топология первого фрагмента сети является постоянной, а топология второго фрагмента — динамически изменяющейся. Однако динамика изменения топологии этого фрагмента сети является предсказуемой. Она может рассчитываться на основе моделирования полета спутников и описываться в виде плана контактов, определяющего временные параметры сеансов связи спутников с наземными пунктами. В основе решения задачи лежит агентноориентированный подход. Агенты спутников образуют оверлейный слой сети и на основе информационного взаимодействия обеспечивают поиск маршрутов, балансировку трафика и передачу данных без задержек в узлах сети. В статье предлагаются схемы информационного взаимодействия, обеспечивающие как централизованный, так и распределенный варианты поиска маршрутов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of low-orbit constellation of small or super-small satellites for solving problems of remote sensing of the Earth is a promising direction for the development of space activities. In order to ensure the communication of these satellites with ground-based points in advanced space systems, it is planned to use groupings of low-orbit communication satellites. At that, a certain formation of this grouping is considered. It is assumed that the satellites are evenly distributed in several orbital planes, and each of them has a connection with two neighboring satellites in its plane and two satellites in neighboring planes. The object of research in the article is the problem of routing, namely, the search for routes for relaying data streams from remote sensing satellites to ground-based information reception points. The proposed approach to solving the routing problem uses the following network specifics. The nodes of the network are remote sensing satellites, communication satellites and objects of ground infrastructure. In this case, you can highlight two fragments of the network. Communication satellites form the first fragment of the network, and the second one — the communication channels of these satellites with ground infrastructure objects and remote sensing satellites. The topology of the first network fragment is static, and the topology of the second fragment is dynamically changing. However, the dynamics of changes in the topology of this network fragment is predictable. It can be calculated based on satellite flight simulations and described as a contact plan that defines the time parameters of satellite communication sessions with ground stations. The solution of the problem is based on an agent-based approach. Satellite agents form the overlay layer of the network and, based on information interaction, provide route search, traffic balancing, and data transmission without delays at network nodes. The article offers information interaction schemes that provide both centralized and distributed route search options.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>многоспутниковая космическая система</kwd><kwd>группировки спутников дистанционного зондирования Земли и спутников связи</kwd><kwd>маршрутизация данных</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multi-satellite space system</kwd><kwd>groupings of remote sensing and satellite communications satellites</kwd><kwd>routing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research described in this paper is partially supported by the state research 0073—2019—0004.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcuccio S., Ullo S., Carminati M., Kanoun O. Smaller Satellites, Larger Constellations: Trends and Design Issues for Earth Observation Systems, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2019, 34(10), pp. 50—59, DOI: 10.1109/maes.2019.2928612.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcuccio S., Ullo S., Carminati M., Kanoun O. Smaller Satellites, Larger Constellations: Trends and Design Issues for Earth Observation Systems, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2019, 34(10), pp. 50—59, DOI: 10.1109/maes.2019.2928612.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Betanov V., Volkov S., Danilin N., Potyupkin A., Selivanov A., Timofeev U. Problematic issues of creating multi-satellite orbital groupings based on small-size spacecraft, Rocket-Space Device Engineering and Information Systems, 2019, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 57—65, DOI: 10.30894/issn2409-0239.2019.6.3.57.65 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Betanov V., Volkov S., Danilin N., Potyupkin A., Selivanov A., Timofeev U. Problematic issues of creating multi-satellite orbital groupings based on small-size spacecraft, Rocket-Space Device Engineering and Information Systems, 2019, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 57—65, DOI: 10.30894/issn2409-0239.2019.6.3.57.65 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radhakrishnan R., Edmonson W., Afghah F., RodriguezOsorio R., Pinto F., Burleigh S. Survey of Inter-satellite Communication for Small Satellite Systems: Physical Layer to Network Layer View, IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials, 2016, vol. 18, iss. 4, DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2564990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radhakrishnan R., Edmonson W., Afghah F., RodriguezOsorio R., Pinto F., Burleigh S. Survey of Inter-satellite Communication for Small Satellite Systems: Physical Layer to Network Layer View, IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials, 2016, vol. 18, iss. 4, DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2564990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radhakishnan R., Zeng Q., Edmonson W. Inter-satellite Communications for Small Satellite Systems, Inter2013, national Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 11—24, DOI: 10.4018/jitn.2013070102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radhakishnan R., Zeng Q., Edmonson W. Inter-satellite Communications for Small Satellite Systems, Inter2013, national Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 11—24, DOI: 10.4018/jitn.2013070102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekici E., Akyildiz I., Bender M. Network layer integration of terrestrial and satellite IP networks over BGP-S", Global Telecommunications Conference, 2001, GLOBECOM 01. IEEE, 2002, vol. 4, pp. 2698—2702, DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2001.966264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekici E., Akyildiz I., Bender M. Network layer integration of terrestrial and satellite IP networks over BGP-S", Global Telecommunications Conference, 2001, GLOBECOM 01. IEEE, 2002, vol. 4, pp. 2698—2702, DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2001.966264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akyildiz I., Ekici E., Yue G. A Distributed Multicast Routing Scheme for Multi-Layered Satellite IP Networks, Wireless Networks, 2003, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 535—544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024648402306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akyildiz I., Ekici E., Yue G. A Distributed Multicast Routing Scheme for Multi-Layered Satellite IP Networks, Wireless Networks, 2003, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 535—544, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024648402306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergamo M. High-Throughput Distributed Spacecraft Network: architecture and multiple access Technologies, Computer Networks, 2005, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 725—749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergamo M. High-Throughput Distributed Spacecraft Network: architecture and multiple access Technologies, Computer Networks, 2005, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 725—749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajanna M., Kantharaju H., Shiva M. Satellite Networks Routing Protocol Issues and Challenges: A Survey, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2014, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 153—157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajanna M., Kantharaju H., Shiva M. Satellite Networks Routing Protocol Issues and Challenges: A Survey, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2014, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 153—157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang D.-Y., Liu S., Yin M. A Satellite Routing Algorithm Based on Optimization of Both Delay and Bandwidth, 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2011, pp. 1—4, DOI: 10.1109/wicom.2011.6040248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang D.-Y., Liu S., Yin M. A Satellite Routing Algorithm Based on Optimization of Both Delay and Bandwidth, 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2011, pp. 1—4, DOI: 10.1109/wicom.2011.6040248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li D., Mao X., Yu J., Wang G. A Destruction Resistant Dynamic Routing Algorithm for LEO/MEO Satellite Networks, The Fourth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT ‘04., 2004, pp. 522—527, DOI: 10.1109/CIT.2004.1357248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li D., Mao X., Yu J., Wang G. A Destruction Resistant Dynamic Routing Algorithm for LEO/MEO Satellite Networks, The Fourth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT ‘04., 2004, pp. 522—527, DOI: 10.1109/CIT.2004.1357248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang D.-N., Liao W. On Multicast Routing Using Rectilinear Steiner Trees for LEO Satellite Networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2008, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2560—2569, DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2007.912605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang D.-N., Liao W. On Multicast Routing Using Rectilinear Steiner Trees for LEO Satellite Networks, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2008, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 2560—2569, DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2007.912605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zihe G., Qing Q., Zhenyu N. A Distributed Multipath Routing Strategy for LEO Satellite Networks, Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 2011, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 161—169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zihe G., Qing Q., Zhenyu N. A Distributed Multipath Routing Strategy for LEO Satellite Networks, Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 2011, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 161—169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di D., Qing L. A New Routing Algorithm of Two-tier LEO/MEO Mobile Satellite Communication Systems, Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2005, pp. 111—115, DOI: 10.1109/APCC.2005.1554029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di D., Qing L. A New Routing Algorithm of Two-tier LEO/MEO Mobile Satellite Communication Systems, Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2005, pp. 111—115, DOI: 10.1109/APCC.2005.1554029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva A., Burleigh S., Obraczka K. (Editors) Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks, Interplanetary and Earth-Bound Architecture, Protocols, and Applications, 2018, 486 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315271156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva A., Burleigh S., Obraczka K. (Editors) Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks, Interplanetary and Earth-Bound Architecture, Protocols, and Applications, 2018, 486 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315271156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bezirgiannidis N., Caini C., Montenero D., Ruggieri M., Thaoussidis V. Contact graph routing enhancements for delay tolerant space communications, Proceedings of the 7th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 13th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop, 2014, pp. 17—23, DOI: 10.1109/ASMS-SPSC.2014.6934518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bezirgiannidis N., Caini C., Montenero D., Ruggieri M., Thaoussidis V. Contact graph routing enhancements for delay tolerant space communications, Proceedings of the 7th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 13th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop, 2014, pp. 17—23, DOI: 10.1109/ASMS-SPSC.2014.6934518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madoery P., Fraire J., Finochietto J. Congestion management techniques for disruption-tolerant satellite networks, International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 2018, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 165—178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madoery P., Fraire J., Finochietto J. Congestion management techniques for disruption-tolerant satellite networks, International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 2018, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 165—178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchese M., Patrone F. A source routing algorithm based on CGR for DTN-nanosatellite networks, Global Communications Conference, IEEE, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8255092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchese M., Patrone F. A source routing algorithm based on CGR for DTN-nanosatellite networks, Global Communications Conference, IEEE, 2017, DOI: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8255092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraire J., Finochiento J. Design Challenges in Contact Plans for Disruption-Tolerant Satellite Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2015, vol. 53, pp. 163—169, DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7105656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraire J., Finochiento J. Design Challenges in Contact Plans for Disruption-Tolerant Satellite Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2015, vol. 53, pp. 163—169, DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7105656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraire J. Introducing Contact Plan Designer: A Planning Tool for DTN-Based Space-Terrestrial Networks, 6-th International Conference on Space Mission Challenge for Information Technology, 2017, pp. 124—127, DOI: 10.1109/SMC-IT.2017.28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraire J. Introducing Contact Plan Designer: A Planning Tool for DTN-Based Space-Terrestrial Networks, 6-th International Conference on Space Mission Challenge for Information Technology, 2017, pp. 124—127, DOI: 10.1109/SMC-IT.2017.28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madoery P., Fraire J., Raverta F., Burleigh S. Managing Routing Scalability in Space DTNs, 6th IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2018.8637324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madoery P., Fraire J., Raverta F., Burleigh S. Managing Routing Scalability in Space DTNs, 6th IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments, 2018, DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2018.8637324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraire J., Madoery P., Burleigh S., Feldmann S., Finochietto S., Charif A., Zergainoh N., Velazco R. Assessing Contact Graph Routing Performance and Reliability in Distributed Satellite Constellations, Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, vol. 2017, Article ID 2830542, 18 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2830542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraire J., Madoery P., Burleigh S., Feldmann S., Finochietto S., Charif A., Zergainoh N., Velazco R. Assessing Contact Graph Routing Performance and Reliability in Distributed Satellite Constellations, Journal of Computer Networks and Communications, vol. 2017, Article ID 2830542, 18 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2830542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraire J., De Jonckère O., Burleigh S. Routing in the Space Internet: A contact graph routing tutorial, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102884.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraire J., De Jonckère O., Burleigh S. Routing in the Space Internet: A contact graph routing tutorial, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102884.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarenko S. Descriptive Model of Iridium Satellite Communication System, Systems of Control, Communication and Security, 2018, no. 4, pp. 1—34, URL: http://sccs.intelgr.com/archive/2018-04/01-Makarenko.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarenko S. Descriptive Model of Iridium Satellite Communication System, Systems of Control, Communication and Security, 2018, no. 4, pp. 1—34, URL: http://sccs.intelgr.com/archive/2018-04/01-Makarenko.pdf (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dijkstra E. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs, Numerische Mathematik, 1959, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 269—271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dijkstra E. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs, Numerische Mathematik, 1959, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 269—271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01386390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
